Public agencies and government systems have grown increasingly rigid, often swollen with bureaucracy and stifling with corruption. The poor and marginalised communities continue to live in a pitiful existence – ignored by the elites and middle class.

A growing number have lost faith in national plans of actions or road-maps thanks to the systematic abuse of the system, where the elites consume the resources meant for the poor. Safety nets are weakened by years of neglect and apathy, while social insecurity has made many NGOs impotent.

As for accountability and good governance, that has gone extinct.

Trickle-Down Effect